Ethical Governance of Open Data Across Biomedical Research, Healthcare, and Public Health: Privacy, Equity, Trust, and Controlled Access.

Published on September 17, 2026, this peer-reviewed article examines how open health data can be governed across biomedical research, healthcare, and public health while addressing privacy, equity, and trust. It emphasizes controlled access and ethical governance as key mechanisms for balancing data sharing with protection of sensitive information. The paper contributes a cross-sector privacy framework relevant to researchers, health systems, and public health institutions.